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朋友去美国公干，俺正好没事就一起去混几天。游车河，拍拍照，吃吃饭。下了飞机，租了台车，开到海边...没啥人，整个沙滩就当你的就好开始不知道这捅是干啥的，后来明白了，垃圾筒。保持清洁人人有责... 漫步海边，走老远看到一个放遥控飞机的一个跑步的一个晒太阳的 栈桥一座海岸巡逻车一台海边安静的只能听到波浪声 开着车沿海岸线没目的的前行享受安静轻松的日子 沙滩 另一个栈桥边终于看到人了，已经开出去百十来公里了这兄弟俩是开摩托车四处周游的，也不象美国人海鸥 孤寂的感觉挺好，国内天天都想战斗着，难得放松 难得什么都不想，也可以想很多... 停车海边，同行的小熊说： 拍我，拍我！ 哈哈 不知为啥，俺一直拍女孩子拍的很不好！！！ 她没事也试试身手我也拍 祖国就在那边 滑翔 ＋ 冲浪 天色见暗 海边的风景 朋友也开完会了，海边相聚 外国的月亮待续.......([]
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冯紫儒Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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刘子惟记 要么阅读，要么旅行。身体和灵魂必须有一个在路上。路线：HK – KL – LGK – KL – Melaca– KL – GZ 香港 – 吉隆坡 – 兰卡威 – 吉隆坡 – 马六甲 – 吉隆坡 – 香港费用：证（加邮费）=RMB 200机票HK – KL 往返 +KL – LGK往返 = RMB1100住宿5晚 = RMB 500 /人6天5夜当地各种开销 = RMB 1600共计 = 约RMB 3400在2012年6月6日之前，我没有想过自己会一个人旅行，更没有想过会一个人到国外旅行。人生总是充满了意外和惊喜的，是意外还是惊喜，看你怎么看待罢了。总之，我，第一次，一个人，拖着行李去马来西亚流浪。一个人旅行，出国旅行，我的人生一下子少了两件遗憾。其实一个人旅行虽然没有想象中那么文艺，但也的确是件有很意思的事情，因为你不可能知道下一秒你会遇见谁发生什么。未知的东西永远有致命的吸引力，不是么？除了给自己拍照这个行为蛋疼了一点以外，其他的经历都是非常美好。Malaysia, so far，so good~我懂的，需要先放点预告勾引一下你们~我是一个不折不扣的路痴，拿着地图都会迷路的那种，方向永远找反。此前在做攻略的时候发现具体交通方式是大家攻略中最缺少的东西，所以本文我会特别介绍我来往各地的交通途径，造福后人了啊~Why Malaysia ?说来好笑，此前的3个月我几乎已经做好了成型的Vietnam和Thailand旅游攻略计划，但就在一个月前，因为CY童鞋一句“亚航现在促销飞马来很划诶”，于是我二话不说，买之！6.5-6.12 HK-KL往返 + KL-LKG往返含税，四张机票一共RMB1100。好吧，这么便宜不买的是笨蛋。但是问在于因为一张便宜的机票而选择目的地，随机性太强了。兰卡威、双子塔、穆斯林，我这个无知少女在去之前神马都不知道…赶紧做攻略…几经波折的出发。Why alone ?本来是我和CY童鞋两个人很happy的闺蜜旅行，但是，但是，还是那句话，人生总是充满了意外和惊喜。= =出发前2周，我那坑爹的政治期末考出了时间安排，6月12号早上，而我回程的机票偏偏就是6月12号的，尼玛！肿么都赶不及了，如果改也只能改到HK，实在不想在考试前夜再折腾了。于是姐姐我只好重新买了一张11号晚上KL直飞广州的机票! 虽说700多米也不算太贵，但姐姐我是无产阶级啊，我一个帮人干活还倒贴钱的苦逼研究生，实在太烧钱了…奉劝大家以后一定要避免不必要的开支，然后出发前做做好事攒攒人品。然而这不是高潮。出发前一周，CY突然跟我说她的毕业答辩很可能进二辩，那也就是6月8号。尼玛，我一听心都凉了。这样她就去不成了，难不成我要一个人去？我装作很淡定的说，没事的，你好好弄你的答辩，不会进二辩的。就在出发前2天，她跟我说她真的进二辩了，但还不确定二辩时间。然而这还不是高潮。尼玛…我无语了，真是好的不灵坏的灵。我说，你先过来吧（她在北京，我在广州，然后我们再一起去HK），来了再看看有没有解决的方法。CY到了广州，接到同学电话说他们二辩时间推后到了12号以后，我也就是说我们又可以一起出发了~但这也不是高潮。不然的话故事就太平淡无奇太缺乏趣味性了。我们一起屁颠屁颠的到了HK，在星光大道上看完海景准备转战机场。然后，高潮来了！！！就在我们出发之前3小时，她同学又打电话来说她们二辩确定了是8号。尼玛，我都想爆粗了！！！搞了半天玩我们是吧！！！总之，事情就是这样，我只好一个人上飞机，CY只好一个人回北京。你们不知道，我当时万分纠结的坐在HK的偌大机场里百感交集，心想这难道是God给我的sign要终止这次旅行么？？但我偏偏是不信命的人，我要去，就算百般阻挠我也还是要去！！！Tips1、防晒。防晒是必须的。不止一个人说我回来不仅没晒黑反而变白了。坑爹啊，我以前是有多黑…总之防晒一定不能偷懒，我脸上用安耐晒，身上用水宝宝，一定要记得补。穿个防晒衣什么的还是有必要的，不然真的会晒到痛。晚上要好好补水，最好再敷一片面膜恢复一下。2、换汇。马来西亚很多地方都有ATM机可以用银联、visa取现，手续费也才RM1~2一笔，很方便。3、坐飞机和巴士的时候一定要带件有厚度的外套，不然很容易感冒。4、去之前最好熟悉一下要去的地方的英文写法和发音，不然问路都不知道怎么问。有个很简便的办法，就是拿本有图的地图指着说我要去这里怎么去。5、证件。建议大家把自己的护照随身带在身上，然后身份证放在朋友身上。这样的话一旦有人弄丢了包也还有东西可以证明自己身份。6、 去海边拍照一定要带擦镜纸，我每次从海边回来镜头就花的不成样子。7、如果是事先在网上订好了酒店，记得把酒店附近方位地图打印出来，这样给Taxi司机看的时候会比较明白，自己也会比较容易找到~正文前言写的有点太激动了…我需要收敛一下。接下来是让大家见证美好世界的时候了~先来说一些这几天下来对马来西亚的印象吧。首先，马来西亚人大多数都很nice，很多人都会说英文或者至少会听。在华人、马来人和印度人和谐共处的国家里，民众多少有与生俱来的包容心。马来人都是穆斯林，女子都要把自己裹得严严实实的，印度人和马来人其实看起来也挺像的，更异域风情一点，华人都会说中文。基本上他们都很纯朴和热心，你问什么都会很乐意的回答，整天都会把Thank you挂在嘴边。我在马来的这几天，基本每天都处于走几步就问问路的状态。在这一点上，马来西亚人民真的非常靠谱，他们给我指的路从来都是对的！木有人会因为不知道而乱忽悠你。然后，马来西亚是左车道，他们开车速度都很快，基本80以上，在非高速上也开得很快。据说马来西亚是世界上车祸发生率最高的国家，还好这点是我在吉隆坡的最后一个晚上才知道的，不然我的行程肯定被毁。= =马来西亚的空调开的太给力，特别是在公共交通工具上。在长途车和飞机上说需要带件毛衣外套都不夸张，我就是太低估这冷气了所以导致我几度差点感冒。马来西亚是美食的天堂，咖喱不是一般的好吃！咖啡和巧克力不是一般的便宜！但是水果的话我觉得除了榴莲没有比国内的便宜。基本上马来的食物都是比较重口味滴，他们吃饭烧肉一定要配上汁浇在饭上，通常还会几种汁啊酱啊的一起吃。对于我这个重口味爱辣的妹纸来说非常吸引~马来西亚的塑料袋质量非常好，不需要加钱买。但是他们的纸巾很劣质，很像草纸诶…马来人的英文真的是很难听得懂，基本上他们一句话要说3遍我才能猜出是在说什么。所以建议是，说重点词就行了，多了大家都无法理解。让我无比无奈和困惑的一点是，在马来西亚几乎所有人都以为我是Japanese，所有人都跟我说Kon'nichiwa。这是为神马为神马？我真的看起来那么日系么…这就算了，HK机场便利店的哥哥也以为我是日本人…= = 这点我一定要好好反思一下。Day 16.6KL-LGK没错，左边那位就是放我飞机的CY童鞋。咳咳，我是不会那么轻易放过你的~HK部分随便放几张片吧在HK机场check in之后，我就一直处于一种灵魂出窍的状态。想随便找个人问“你是不是去马来西亚的捎上我一起吧”的心都有了。（关于HK机场有一点要提醒一下，那里有两栋楼check in，但是出发全都是在1号楼，所以如果你是在2号楼check in的话还得回到1号楼登机）([
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钱重谕要不要看比萨欧洲50天，总花费18000人民币的故事？！ 又是一年一度的比萨出走日，9月1日下的飞机，历经12国50天的欧洲之旅圆满结束。本来想在沉淀沉淀再来发帖，不过发现这次的照片实在是太多了，还是赶紧放上来，早点和大家分享，不然不知道要更新到什么时候。不过看过比萨以前帖子的人都知道，比萨的“坑”品有保障，更新虽慢，但绝不会虎头蛇尾。 熟悉比萨风格的都知道比萨的片子绝不是风景大片，而是走进生活，让你更加深入的了解各国的风土人情。欧洲是全世界的青年都想要去的地方，那里自由、平等、和谐，人们的生活节奏是如此的慢，人与人之间的交往是如此的简单，人们的言行是如此的自由，比萨的沙发之旅会带你走进他们的家庭，去看一看欧洲人是怎样生活的，他们的生活习惯和我们又有哪些不同。 这次12国50天的行程确实有些赶，比萨不是在车上，就是在行走的路上。听了拉脱维亚沙发主的建议，整个欧洲之旅几乎都是大巴，只有一次逼不得已搭了一次车，结果夜宿加油站，但却结识了忘年交——一个意大利老头；只有一次搭飞机，还多交了10欧的check in费（不做功课的下场）；只有一次被臭虫咬的经历，你现在还确定欧洲很干净吗？当比萨在佛罗伦萨喝着啤酒抽着大麻时，房祖名在自己的家中因吸食大麻被逮捕（大麻啊，比烟叶劲大的一种草，竟被说成吸毒，那吸烟也会上瘾，为什么不说是吸毒？）；当比萨在巴塞罗那的海滩裸晒时，国内的妹妹还朝着白富美奋力靠近；当比萨飞回北京在飞机上想看看北京的时候，只看到一片灰霾，直到感觉飞机落地，才看到地面，多可悲的空气质量。估计大家有很多关于欧洲的问问比萨1、问：欧洲真的很干净吗？答：空气很干净，地面不干净，到处都是烟头，大家抽完烟喜欢随手扔地上。2、问：欧洲人都喷香水吗？ 答：当然不是。经常走在路上一阵劲风扑面，能噎死比萨。3、问：欧洲人真的是白天洗澡吗？ 答：是的，早上必须洗，不然会熏死人的。4、问：欧洲人的家都是非常大吗？ 答：不全是。大城市的房价很贵，住小公寓、合租公寓的比比皆是。5、问：欧洲真的是红灯停绿灯行吗？ 答：不是的。欧洲车少人少，有时候红灯的时候路上没有车，大家就不会站在那里等红灯。但是即使行人闯红灯，汽车也会在离行人至少5米时停下，让行人先过。6、问：欧洲的公共厕所是都有卫生纸吗？ 答：是的。除了那些移动公厕，所有的厕所都有卫生纸。而且欧洲人不用纸篓，家家户户的厕所里也没有纸篓，直接扔马桶里冲走。……….还是和以前一样，惫懒的比萨还是没有做攻略，买了机票就飞了，走一站联系下一站的沙发主，这一路就靠他们了，哪里有好吃的哪里有好玩的，怎会逃的了他们的手心。所以如果有景点我介绍错误，请大家及时指正。首先介绍一下这次旅行的12个国家，按照先后顺序：俄罗斯、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、波兰、、德国、荷兰、比利时、捷克、奥地利、意大利、西班牙、法国。其次我想大家最关心的是证问吧。跟大家介绍一下，我这次办了两个证，一个是俄罗斯证（淘宝上办的，只需要提供护照和照片），另一个是申根证。这里重点说一下申根证：1、我的是荷兰，因为手续最简单，出时间最短，拒率最低。2、我是自己递的，全部资料都是自己准备，证要求什么就提供什么，不要求的也不需要提供。3、申根证最需要注意的就是行程单和住宿预订。我的行程单是用穷游助手编辑的，住宿预订是在booking上预订，证拿到手后就全部取消了。机票：全程只飞了三次，分别是北京——莫斯科、都灵——巴塞罗那、巴黎——北京。总费用大概6400左右。都是提前2-3天买的机票，因为这次没有行程计划，走一步算一步所以没有提前买机票。住宿：比萨50天只住了4天的旅店，其他全部是沙发冲浪，所以住宿费用也就1000元人民币左右。交通：除了荷兰——比利时，整个意大利是火车，都灵——巴塞罗那是飞机，其余全部是大巴，大巴是欧洲最经济安全的交通工具了。之后我会在各国的游记中给大家介绍几个欧洲不错的廉价大巴。不要以为廉价就不好，所有的大巴都有卫生间，免费WIFI。现金：只带了400美金（只花了100美金），一张华夏银行卡，欧洲银联识的ATM还是很多的，随花随取更安全。行李：1、依旧是45升的包包，几件衣服，一个大围巾、睡袋，不再是简单洗漱用品了，因为欧洲物价贵，能带的都带齐了吧，当然有钱人可以自动忽略我说的。2、转换插头就带那种万能转换头就行，淘宝上十元左右，轻便实用。3、不用带卫生纸了，那种小包的纸巾带些就行，因为欧洲走到哪里都会有卫生纸，即使是大巴的卫生间都会有卫生纸，我带了两包卫生纸都没有派上用场。36楼 俄罗斯—圣彼得堡 https//bbs.8264.com/forum-redire ... 8-pid-53092793.html183楼 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8-pid-56395186.html飞机上坐我旁边的妹子是在天津上学的莫斯科人，一聊才发现她认识好几个我的朋友，包括已经回白俄的两个好朋友！下飞机她带我去找ATM机取现。ATM就在电梯的右手边，百事可乐的旁边。ATM是全俄文操作，没有英文，妹子全程帮助我搞定，先去了3000卢布。妹子的父亲来接她，约好回津喝一杯。沿着有这个指示的志，去坐火车前往莫斯科市中心。最快捷的购票方法就是机器自助购票，看到很多人排队的地方，就是购票点了。机器购票非常的快捷方便，有中文操作界面。这个就是车票，进站的时候扫描上面的条码。如果不会机器购票，也有人工售票的，不过要排队。机场快线还是挺高大上的！火车上有可以放行李的架子。下了火车就要倒地铁，莫斯科的地铁站我很无语，因为没有做功课，还是照大众地铁站去找地铁站，结果绕了好几圈，几次从地铁站前经过都不知道那个就是地铁站，一直认为那是一家公司或商场什么的。卖地铁票的基本上都是俄罗斯大妈，不要指望她们能听懂你说英文，所以第一次买票又是一个好心妹子的帮忙，在俄罗斯的期间，经常被妹子帮忙！莫斯科地铁票40卢布我去俄罗斯之前联系的沙发主，和她约定在地铁站见面，因为这个地铁站只有一个出口。同时来的还有沙发主的另外两个沙发客，其中一个是阿根廷人，准备从莫斯科坐火车去北京，哈哈。在背包的时候不小心把腰扭了，当时就不能动了，疼的要命，到了沙发主家放下行李就躺着了，他们晚上出去喝酒我也没跟着去，实在是太疼，微信联系国内的好友求助怎么快速治疗扭伤。这是我在俄罗斯的第一个沙发主这个是她家 晚上睡床的睡床，睡地的睡地，我睡的沙发 7月10日今天沙发主第一个出门上班了，一个沙发客也早早出门见朋友去了，阿根廷的小伙在收拾行李，今天他就要去坐火车了。我因为腰扭了，也没打算出去转悠，而且一下不能适应莫斯科的天气，这真不是夏天的温度，还是那句话，不做功课冻死人啊，谁知道欧洲的夏天如此凉快。我这次出门只带了一件长袖，这件长袖一直穿到了巴黎，呵呵！因为家门钥匙留给了我，所以要等阿根廷的小哥走后我才能出门， 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李易英《最后的藏地：甘青川大环线》 序2007年，随着一篇帖子误打误撞地进入了川西的藏区后，在接下去的几年，藏地，就像魔咒般地吸引着我。我和我的兄弟，因此，有了藏地五年计划。今年，是我们行游藏地的第五年，也是藏地五年计划的最后一年。五年来，我们很幸运，也很执著：07年，我们第一次来到了藏区。我们惊艳于新都桥的光影和八美的柔情；而穿越四姑娘让我们第一次有了驴的感觉。08年，贡嘎的壮美、剪子弯的高原草甸、外星球般的海子山、仙乃日的威严、雨崩的神秘和一妻多夫以及雨崩小学的张老师和十个小时的的梅里穿越，更给我烙下了深刻的印象。09年，我们终于走了川藏南线。跨过金沙江，真正来到了西藏。来古冰川、米堆冰川、嘎瓦龙雪山和天池。。。无不让我深深怀念！10年，21天，我们完成了阿里大环线的穿越。珠峰的夕照和普兰的宁静；玛旁雍措的深邃和拉昴措的诡异；古格的神秘和东嘎皮央遗址的凄凉；扎达的壮观和天堂般的文布；色林措的欢乐和仓姑寺的详和；以及一路相伴的藏野驴、藏羚羊、差点因高发下撤而割袍断义的兄弟和我的队友组成了我10年最美好的回忆。2011年，藏地五年计划的最后一年，我们走进了甘青川。。。 目录一、序二、出发前的纠结三、穿越夹金山四、西索民居和土司官寨五、关于马尔康的阿来和其它六、太阳河峡谷劳作的藏族小孩七、邂逅马尔康看花节八、色达：经幡扬起的是一颗宁静的心九、年龙寺：探访闭关修行的年龙上师仁波切十、班玛：天葬台、江日堂寺和非诚勿拢的刘婷婷十一、白玉寺：拜访著名的传奇人物----“年宝玉则的观鸟喇嘛”扎西桑俄十二、年宝玉则：僧人的笑容十三、放花无语对玛卿----穿越阿尼玛卿纪实十四、玛多：黄河之水天上来十五、走向共和十六、青海湖：不要问我从哪里来十七、大美祈连：卓尔山十八、阿柔大寺：最帅气喇嘛和可爱的藏民十九、门源：一片金色向着党 二十、西宁--合作：多民族聚集的和谐走廊二十一、扎尕那：遗世独立的非著名山峰 二十二、郎木寺：天葬台的诱惑二十三、红原：千回百转的黄河第一湾二十四、汶川：不能忘却的纪念二十五、结束语 二、出发前的纠结是甘川青还是川青甘？这是个问。时间进入到五月，10年同行阿里的队友开始活跃起来。西湖和本色不断邀约加入他们甘川青的队伍；我也开始谋划我的11年行程，但皆因种种不确定性没有允诺队友。首先是兄弟的不确定性，达华云里雾里，不置可否；另外一个刚加盟的小兄弟（耗子）想玩回大环线自驾；而我自己确定不了具体出发的时间。再者，今年，我必须得去色达。而西湖本色的队伍走的是甘-川-青，他们放弃了色达。而放弃色达是我不能容忍的。就这样，和原来阿里的队友失之交臂，以致于11年的行程只有风景，没有了风情；只有色彩，没有了精彩；只有英雄，没有了故事。五千公里的旷野，只有三个年近不惑的孤独的男人在自我装酷却无人欣赏。。。苏说，他就像旷野里的那只藏原羊一样孤独，只好不断地把白屁股炫耀以期待少许的目光。七月初，达华正式告知将携妻儿自驾；汶川突至暴雨和泥石流交通中断；而我家阁楼露台上的紫藤却突然枯萎。。。这无疑不是出发前的好兆头。耗子在暴雨、泥石流和枯萎的紫藤以及我们的七嘴八舌下终于决定放弃自驾。至此，我们终于决定七月初从成都出发。后来得知，本色当上了队长，拉起了原来阿里的队伍，过起了万花丛中一点绿的滋润日子；茗禅冒充强驴骗取信任穿越了贡嘎，留给我们的是嫉妒和羡慕；达华最终携妻带子自驾弃我们而去。。。七月，阿里英雄终于各自在路上。 三、穿越夹金山夹金山，并不是我们计划中的行程。汶川线的暴雨和泥石流让我们被迫放弃了原来的线路，我们只能绕道夹金山。夹金山，是一座英雄的山。夹金山位于四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州小金县南部，与著名的四姑娘山风景区毗邻，距成都250公里。夹金山也是当年中国工农红军一方面军万里长征与红四方面胜利会师的地方。夹金山从此载入中国革命历史的光荣史。2011年的7月，是红色的7月。我们的行程就从这红色的夹金山开始了。夹金山垭口 红军达维会师1935年6月，中国工农红军第一方面军翻越夹金山与红四方面军在四川省阿坝州小金县达维乡正式会师。如今，达维会师已成为一处重温红色记忆的旅游景点。70年后，这里也成了一个旅游胜地。这里，也是世界第一只大熊猫的科学发现地，尽管我们没有发现大熊猫。 傍晚的夹金山沐浴在夕阳中。夏日的夹金山却犹如沐浴在秋色之中，傍晚时分的一缕夕阳打在藏居上。当年的红军，也许无暇这样的风景。 四、西索民居和土司官寨傍晚，我们终于抵达马尔康郊外的西索民居和卓克基土司官寨。西索民居卓克基土司官寨西索民居独具嘉绒藏族特色，保持了嘉绒先民“垒石为室”的传统建筑风格，寨子鳞次栉比、错落有致，远目望去犹如一座壁垒森严的古堡。整个民居从远处鸟瞰，便会惊奇地发现西索藏寨酷似藏族八宝图案中的“花依”图案(状如“中华结”，代表释伽牟尼的心)，寨子中直来竖往、弯来拐去的青石板小道，把图案的线条展现的非常清晰。 藏寨全是三层石楼，底层饲养牲畜，第二层是厨房和住宿，三层是经堂和客房。民居建筑形如碉状，也称碉楼。房屋四周的墙体均用片石砌成,用黄泥粘合。墙体厚达1米,采用内直外收的砌法, 工匠们仅凭经验，砌出的石墙如刀切豆腐般整齐，棱角锐利，上窄下宽，整个墙体处于抗压状态,成为建筑的承重主体。加之内部木结构横梁的互相支撑拉合,整个建筑下大上小、重心向内、稳定性强。到最高处，碉楼四角顺势形成角锋，造成一种气势，最高处的石墙边缘加厚，避免墙表的平面化，增强立体感。房顶一分为二，前半部分为平顶，三面砌成矮墙；后半部分形成斜山式，覆盖石板或瓦。每层楼的窗户都外小内大，窗框很讲究，用上了雕刻、绘画、上彩等技巧，民族特色很浓。这种碉楼不仅冬暖夏凉，而且建筑艺术独特，审美价值高，就像一件件珍贵的艺术品。卓克基土司官寨位于距马尔康县城7公里的卓克基镇西索村。官寨依山而建，坐北朝南，被国际友人赞誉为“东方建筑史上的一颗明珠”。官寨始建于1918年清朝乾隆年间，为四层碉房，1936年毁于大火，1938年----1940年，土司索观赢组织人力进行重建。1935年7月，毛泽东同志及中央机关长征途中曾在官寨住宿一周。1988年，卓克基官寨被国务院列为第三批国家重点文物保护单位。卓克基土司官寨有着重要的历史文化以及丰富的旅游资源。 五、关于马尔康的阿来和其它值得说一句的是，马尔康是著名藏族作家阿来的家乡。阿来：1959年出生于马尔康，毕业于马尔康师范学校。2009年3月，阿来当选为四川省作协主席，现兼任中国作协副主席。从1994年《尘埃落定》写出至1998年出版其间，阿来由阿坝州一家杂志转辗到四川成都《科幻世界》由编辑到总编辑社长，《科幻世界》在阿来手里由一本杂志变为五六种，成为世界上发行量最大的科幻类杂志。数百万读者期待读到阿来新作。来之前，我不知道，马尔康就是阿来的家乡。在西索民居时，我的司机师傅轻轻说了一句：这就是阿来居住过的地方，小说《尘埃落定》的故事就发生在这里。轻描淡写的一句话，却触动了我的内心。阿来是我喜欢的一位作家。《尘埃落定》就是他的代表作，曾获得第五届茅盾文学奖。我喜欢的倒不是他的《尘埃落定》，而是他对西藏土地深沉的爱和对西藏发展自己独立的见解。虽然，我没看过他写的《格萨尔王》，但我欣赏他写《格萨尔王》的勇气和毅力。我有一本阿来的文集《看见》。在文中，阿来说：看哪，落定的尘埃又微微泛起，山间的大路上，细小的石英沙尘在阳光下闪烁出耀眼的光芒，在茫茫宇宙中漂浮不定。唉，一路都是落不定的尘埃！写完《格萨尔王》后，阿来说：王啊，今天我要把你的故事还给你，我要走出你的故事了。这是一个小说家的宿命，从一个故事向另一个故事漂泊。当一些所谓的有识之士忧虑于青藏铁路的建设时，阿来所说的话让我赞叹，他不同流和盲从于“有识之士”。阿来说：如果说，这条铁路的建成，对建设者是一个胜利，而对这条铁路经过的高原，对这条铁路所冲击的古老文化，对当地政府和老百姓，这到底是一个天降的福音，还是一个巨大的考验，全赖于面临这样一个新的机遇的人们有没有准备好去迎接挑战。我讨厌于一些看法。诸如，西藏的高原上架设高压线破坏景观；西藏的腹地通公路影响生态；西藏铁路和机场的建设是对环境和西藏文化的破坏。。。诸如此类，等等等等。当我们手拿IPAD，喝着咖啡，畅游在信息高速公路上时，我们有什么权力让西藏人民永远手持转筒匍匐着转经呢？五年了，当我周游在藏地时，更多看到的只是游客们猎奇的眼光和浅薄的认识，他们讨厌藏民用手机、讨厌藏民开着摩托车放牧；他们希望的西藏永远是原始、原始、再原始；他们希望把西藏割裂于现代文明之外。。。古老和现代的冲突是一个永恒的话。我崇拜甚至是膜拜西藏悠久的文化和宗教，但我也不排斥他们对现代文明和现代化的选择，我相信，这不是西藏人民的“被选择”。只是，在这种选择之前，正如阿来所说的，“全赖于面临这样一个新的机遇的人们有没有准备好去迎接挑战”。我想，在现代化、现代文明和西藏古老的历史、文化、宗教冲突中，我们不要做非此即彼的选择，我们所要关注的是，如何去寻找冲突间的结合点，以期待让西藏古老文化和宗教在现代文明前更加熠熠生辉，以期待西藏的环境在现代化面前妥善地予以保护。这才是真正考验政府和百姓的智慧。感谢阿来，祝福西藏。 六、太阳河峡谷劳作的藏族小孩这一天，除了色达五明佛学院让我震撼之外，就是这在田间劳作的藏族小孩的眼睛和笑容。 从清晨的马尔康醒来，昨晚的灯火辉煌已遗留在睡梦中。马尔康县城位于山谷之间，海拔并不高，只有2700米。县城规划整齐，湍急的索磨河穿城而过。清晨的马尔康夜幕下的马尔康霓虹闪烁，光影迷离。 在藏语里，马尔康的意思就是灯火旺盛的地方，据说此命名来至一位得道高僧。在藏地，这样的高僧往往又是伟大的预言家。今天，预言再次成真。我们沿着大渡河的上游---太阳河峡谷前行。山涧，雾气升腾。大渡河咆哮东去，雨后的太阳河峡谷清新诡异。晨雾中的藏居很是抢眼，早起的藏民已走向田间地头。 藏居、碉楼、高压塔。虽然，高压电线塔很不应景，但我希望大家更多的是看到它给西藏人民带来的光明而给以包容。有一种风景，她遗世独立。有一种力量，她坚如磐石。 有一种行走，叫做虔诚。也有一种行走，叫做造作。中午，我们来到了壤塘县大伊里村。这一路，最吸引我们的就是藏式民居。 这一带的藏式民居三楼均以柳条编制而成，上宽下窄，俨然穿上铠甲的将士。 就在这样的环境里日出而作，繁衍生息。大伊里乡其实是个重点扶持的富裕乡。对口帮扶让他们过上了现代生活。在这红色的七月，需常怀感恩之心。大伊里乡瓜果青翠，花香四溢。([]
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黄平乐新马十一天旅程安排····················2月1日-4日：新加坡 Day 1：总统府-乌节路 Day 2：牛车水-滨海花园-小印度 Day 3：圣淘沙-环球影视城-滨海花园夜景-金沙酒店 Day 4：City hall 周边走了一圈，逛遍了各种景点····2月5日-7日：槟城 Day 1：丹武绒雅海滩 Day 2George Town Day 3：姓氏桥-姐弟共骑-各种瞎逛2月8日-9日：马六甲 Day 1：鸡场街 Day 2：海滩-马六甲基督教堂-荷兰红屋-红屋广场2月10日：吉隆坡-双子塔2月11日：新加坡-逛各种巴刹去找榴莲吃··· 机票花费：6500左右 （本来两人全程所有机票只是花费4K多而已，但是某一只的狮城证被拒，导致不得不重新给他买往返大马的机票，再加上他老妈大马境内和往返狮城的机票，于是乎，就多出了两K多）新加坡花费：无··········马来西亚花费（三人）：4000RMB生活费 +2400RMB住宿费（在吉隆坡奢侈了一小把，酒店对面就可以看到双子塔，步行过去也只是5分钟，但正好碰到促销，两间房的房价才1K多，含税） 腾讯微博：离洛洛新浪微博：离洛洛_Joyce粉我吧，粉我吧，粉我吧···········我走过你曾熟悉得风景，却爱上了别人的意外，是你成全了别人，还是我厌倦了回忆·······远行使对自我的放逐，还是去遥远陌生的地方遇见一个全新的自己？因为喜欢《初恋红豆冰》这部电影，才选择去槟城。提一袋红豆冰，执子之手，漫步在落日余晖下，细细去感受老城的浪漫与温情········只是后来，为了红豆冰而去，却爱上了煎蕊而回···各位看客们，请一定要听听这首歌·······感受我所感受过的美好··········"初恋像一袋红豆冰，转眼便溶掉，能回味的，是藏在心里略带轻涩的甜。" https//www.tudou.com/programs/view/JcEhL8LVbYY/ 关于新加坡的印象二三事新加坡很干净，但是不像广州或者香港这种大城市里，CBD地区的那种钢筋水泥，坚硬冰冷的干净，新加坡的干净是一种风淡云轻的干净，并且有一种舒心的整洁；五天，说长不长，但是由于有本地人作陪，我这五天里在新加坡的行程是即充实，也闲散；除了走各种知名景点以外，不知名的小巷子和菜市场（我们这叫菜市场，新加坡叫巴刹）也走了不少，而即便是这些容易藏污纳垢的场所也是干净清爽的，并不会有积水或者是随处堆积的垃圾，更不会有乱摆乱放了。当然这种干净是离不开新加坡人对干净环境的维护和新加坡政府的高压政策。新加坡没有什么养老啊，退休之类的概念，相反，新加坡政府是鼓励老人出来工作的。据说，一来是可以避免老年痴呆症，二来还可以减轻家庭负担，三则新加坡是个小国家，劳动力严重不足，尤其是在一些靠手工劳动的行业里，本地人有地域优越感，大多不愿意干，只能倚靠外劳，而外劳的人数是有限制的，如果老人们愿意“重出江湖”，相对来说会减轻政府用工荒的压力。 所以在巴刹或者是餐厅里的工作者大多数都是老阿姨老叔叔们，当然其他很多行业里面也有很多大年纪的工作者；新加坡的消费对于在当地工作生活的人来说是不高的；就拿一个在巴刹做清洁的阿姨来说，薪水最低也是1500新币往上走，相当于人民币7500左右，在新这算是低收入人群。通常我们在巴刹吃饭，七八种食物，外加饮品，也不过是在30-40新币左右（人民币150-200），我们这种吃法算是奢侈的，主要是为了饱我的口服，各种菜式都尝尝。如果说正常吃饭，一个人通常是一两碟食物加一杯水，通常不会超过10新币。个人日常用品也是想当的便宜，只有我们这边的百分之五六十左右的价格，所以姐回国的时候拖了满满一箱的各种洗漱冲凉化妆用品····相当无敌······再来说说新加坡的房价，想当羡慕嫉妒恨，说多了都是泪啊······为毛我们天广地阔的天朝的房价都是飞天的节奏呢？一个包,一台相机,一双拖鞋,11天,走了两个国家,四个城市。。。大年初一！！！意味着又要出远门了！！！整装待发·············1月31日：深圳-新加坡 （机票1350元）（话说有个空少超帅的，但也超娘炮，我有点怀疑我是不是上到去泰国的飞机了。。。。）上飞机后，空少/空姐会拿一张白条给有需要入境的游客填写，也就是填写最基本的信息····在新加坡没有吃、住、行的花费··········住在男朋友的姑姑家里，吃的全包了，出行伯伯驾车····陪着我这个暴走疯子没日没夜的穿梭在狮城的大街小巷······还得为我去找各种小吃·····好多的红包啊····我们的Ipad就是用红包买的······嘻嘻·········狮城真心热啊····都快把我晒瘦了········ 新加坡总统府名为Istana，在马来语中是皇宫的之意，迄今已有140年历史，其前身曾经是英殖民期间修建的一座白色三层官邸。戒备森严的新加坡总统府汇集了多种建筑风格，四周有雕刻精美的珠子，极富古典韵味。Tips：每年的年初二会对公众开放········总统府内绿化非常漂亮 总统府内的大炮台·········牛车水是新加坡的唐人街，是华族祖先飘洋过海来到新加坡，自1821年逐渐形成的聚居地。当时的人们乘着从中国福建厦门南下的第一艘平底中国帆船抵达新加坡后，就在新加坡河以南一带（也就是现在的直落亚逸街）定居。由于在那儿的每家每户都得拉牛车到安祥山的史必灵路取水，久而久之，这里就被称为牛车水了。牛车水最令人兴奋的时候莫过于农历新年期间。届时，整个地区张灯结彩，各家店铺都装饰一新，还有不少节日商品和风味小吃。([]
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